Battle of Marathon
Greek forces achieved a decisive victory over the Persian army near Athens.
The Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE was a pivotal conflict during the first Persian invasion of Greece. Despite being outnumbered, the Athenian army defeated the Persians, boosting Greek confidence and unity. The battle is also associated with the legend of a messenger who ran from Marathon to Athens to announce victory, inspiring the modern marathon race.
More in War & Conflict
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The legendary city of Troy fell after a prolonged siege by Greek forces, as recounted in Homer's Iliad.
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A small Greek force led by King Leonidas of Sparta held the pass at Thermopylae against the massive Persian army.
October 1, 331 BCEAlexander the Great Conquers Persian Empire
Alexander the Great defeated the Persian Empire at the Battle of Gaugamela, creating one of the largest empires in ancient history.
May 29, 1453Fall of Constantinople
The Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and marking a turning point between the medieval and modern eras.