On August 15, 1947, India gained independence from nearly 200 years of British colonial rule. The independence movement, led by figures such as Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose, employed both nonviolent resistance and armed struggle. Independence was accompanied by the Partition of British India into India and Pakistan, which triggered massive population displacements and communal violence that claimed hundreds of thousands of lives.
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