Turing Publishes "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"

In October 1950, British mathematician and logician Alan Turing published "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" in the journal Mind. The paper opened with the question "Can machines think?" and proposed the Imitation Game (later known as the Turing Test): if a machine could converse with a human interrogator without being identified as a machine, it should be considered intelligent. Turing systematically addressed objections — theological, mathematical, from consciousness — and predicted that by 2000, machines would fool 30% of interrogators in a five-minute test. The paper laid the philosophical foundation for the entire field of artificial intelligence. Turing, who had broken the Enigma code during World War II and formalized the concept of computation itself, is widely regarded as the father of both computer science and AI.