In November 1915, Albert Einstein presented his general theory of relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences. The theory described gravity not as a force, but as a curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy. It predicted phenomena such as the bending of light by gravity, gravitational time dilation, and gravitational waves — all later confirmed by observation. General relativity replaced Newton's law of universal gravitation and remains the foundation of modern cosmology, essential to understanding black holes, the expansion of the universe, and GPS satellite corrections.
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