Deep Blue Defeats Kasparov

On May 11, 1997, IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer defeated reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov in a six-game match (3.5–2.5) in New York City. It was the first time a computer had beaten a world champion under standard tournament conditions. Deep Blue could evaluate 200 million positions per second, using brute-force calculation combined with expert chess knowledge. Kasparov, who had defeated an earlier version in 1996, was visibly shaken. The match became a cultural landmark in the human-machine relationship and sparked widespread debate about the future of artificial intelligence, though Deep Blue's "intelligence" was narrow — it could do nothing but play chess.